Rachel Fuller Brown dilahirkan pada tanggal 23 November 1898 di Springfield, Massachusetts. Ia tidak tertarik dengan kimia hingga ia menjadi mahasiswa tahun kedua di kampus Mount Holyoke, ia lulus dengan gelar sarjana baik untuk sejarah dan kimia.

Dr. Emma Perry Carr memberinya semangat untuk mengambil pendidikan lanjutan di bidang kimia, yang akhirnya ia ambil, dan ia mendapat gelas M.S dalam kimia organik dari Universitas Chicago pada tahun 1920. Berikutnya ia mengajar di sekolah mengah pertama putri selama tiga tahun.

Pada tahun 1924, Brown kembali ke Universitas Chicago selama dua tahun. Di sini ia menyelidiki polisakarida khas pneumokokus, yang bisa digunakan untuk mengindentifikasi satu tipe bakteri penyebab pneumonia. Ia menyelesaikan penelitiannya , tapi kehabisan dana pada titik tersebut. Ia melanjutkan penelitiannya dengan bekerja sebagai tekhnisi laboratorium di Divisi Laboratorium dan Penelitian Departemen Kesehatan di Albany, New York.

Dengan bimbingan Dr. Augustus Wadsworth, ia mengembangkan test untuk membedakan pelapisan polisakarida yang unik pada tiap bakteri pneumokokus. Brown mempresentasikan hasil penelitiannya pada sebuah konferensi di Chicago pada tahun 1933 dan juga menyelesaikan uji lisannya, sebagai kualifikasi untuk menjadi Dr. Rachel Brown. Dr. Wadsworth mempekerjakan Elizabeth Hazen, seorang ahli mikologi, untuk bekerja dengan Brown dalam mengembangkan bahan antifungi. Hazen mengambil sampel, menumbuhkan kulturnya dan mengirimkannya ke Brown untuk diekstrak komponen aktifnya. Selanjutnya dikirim kembali ke Hazen untuk pengujian fungi (jamur). Umumnya, komponen aktif ini terlalu beracun untuk digunakan manusia. Akhirnya, Hazen mengirimkan Brown sebuah sampel yang dihasilkan oleh organisme yang belum diketahui, yang tampaknya efektif melawan jamur.

Mereka menamakannya “nistatin” dari nama New York. Penemuan mereka pun diumumkan pada akhir tahun 1950. Mereka bekerja dengan Lembaga Penelitian untuk mendapatkan hak paten dan bernegosiasi dengan E.R. Squibb untuk mengembangkan dan memperbanyak produk nistatin. Baik Brown dan Hazen tidak ingin royalti hak patennya hanya untuk diri mereka sendiri. Royalti itupun dibagi antara lembaga penelitian dan Yayasan Brown-Hazen. Dana ini mendukung penelitian dalam ilmu sains yang terkait dengan biologi pada bidang yang tidak bersifat komersil dan sebagai institusi pendidikan.

Nistatin telah banyak digunakan untuk memerangi beragam penyakit jamur yang menyerang manusia seperti ringworm, yang menyerang tanaman, penyakit Dutch Elm, jamur yang menyebabkan kebusukan pada nanas, dan yang menyerang cat. Brown dan Hazen melanjutkan kerjasamanya pada penelitian antifungi hingga tahun 1975 ketika Hazen wafat. Mereka menerima Penghargaan Pionir Kimia dari Institut Ahli Kimia Amerika pada tahun 1975.

Rachel Fuller Brown masih aktif dalam penelitian kimia hingga ia wafat pada tanggal 14 Januari 1980 di Albany, New York.

Disarikan dari: www.chem-is-try.org

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