Komputer sudah menjadi kebutuhan penting saat ini, baik di lingkungan industri, pendidikan, atau bahkan umum. Mulai dari kebutuhan vital pada suatu perusahaan, alat penunjang pembelajaran hingga kebutuhan sekunder seperti game menjadi penyebab utama mengapa di era modern ini peran komputer sangatlah penting.

Khusus pada komputer PC, tentunya kita sudah tidak asing lagi mendengar istilah komputer rakitan, yakni suatu perangkat komputer yang dimodifikasi sendiri (bukan dari pabrik) demi menunjang spesifikasi yang dibutuhkan. Dan salah satu komponen penting dalam CPU adalah Motherboard.

Bagi anda yang tertarik dengan komputer rakitan atau mungkin ingin terjun ke dunia service hardware komputer tentu artikel ini akan menjadi bahan referensi yang menarik. Karena salah satu dasar dari pemahaman hardware komputer, khususnya CPU adalah memahami tata letak komponen pada komponen yang bernama Motherboard ini. Langsung saja ulasan lengkap mengenai tata letak komponen komputer dapat disimak dibawah ini :

1. Motherboard

Pertama kita pahami dulu apa yang dimaksud dengan Motherboard. Motherboard merupakan komponen paling vital yang ada di komputer dan memegang peranan paling penting. Tugasnya meliputi pengaturan hal – hal teknis seperti BIOS (Basic Input Output System), Chipset (koneksi input-output), RAM (Random Acces Memory), VGA Card, Processor, dan Additional Card.

Motherboard ini menjadi pusat dari koneksi semua perangkat komputer dan disinergikan menjadi suatu aktifitas komputer. Contohnya adalah ketika Motherboard menghubungkan beberapa hardware seperti Processor, RAM, Harddisk, Printer dan lain – lain. Untuk beberapa komponen yang paling vital adalah seperti dibawah ini :

  • PCI Slot, papan ini memiliki 2 slot PCI dan biasa digunakan untuk komponen – komponen seperti modem, Ethernet Card, dan Voice Card (kartu suara).
  • CPU Fan, merupakan koneksi terhadap kipas CPU anda. Dengan menggunakan koneksi ini memungkinkan Motherboard agar dapat mengontrol kecepatam kipas berdasarkan temperature CPU saat ini.
  • Slot Memori, slot ini digunakan sebagai tempat dari RAM (Random Acces Memory). Biasanya ada 4 atau mungkin 2 slot tergantung dari Motherboard pada masing – masing komputer.
  • Koneksi SATA, merupakan koneksi yang menghubungkan Hard Drive (Harddisk) dan CD/DVD Drive ke Motherboard.
  • Dan masih banyak lagi.

2. Jumper Pada Motherboard

Tata Letak Komponen Komputer

Istilah jumper pada komputer adalah suatu connector atau penghubung sirkuit elektrik dan dapat digunakan juga untuk menyambung atau memutus suatu hubungan. Saat ini penggunaan jumper tidak terlalu banyak karena fungsi setting saat ini sudah banyak menggunakan auto setting sehingga lebih memudahkan para perakit komputer.

3. Jumper Clear CMOS

Selanjutnya adalah Jumper Clear CMOS, terletak di dekat baterai CMOS. Fungsi dari Jumper Clear CMOS adalah untuk menyimpan serta mereset CMOS di posisi pabrik atau default. Sedangkan pengertian dari CMOS ini sendiri adalah sebuah IC program pada Motherboard.

Fungsi dari pengaturan default ini adalah untuk berjaga – jaga apabila kita melakukan setting yang salah pada BIOS/CMOS atau terjadi error sehingga komputer tidak bisa menyala maka dapat dilakukan Clear CMOS ke posisi awal. Dapat juga untuk menyiasati ketika komputer mati karena terjadi perubahan pada hardware serta lupa password di BIOS anda.

4. Jumper Bus Clock/Bus Speed

Jumper pada Bus Clock ini memiliki fungsi untuk melakukan setting Bus Clock pada komponen processor. Namun saat ini penggunaannya sudah jarang karena bisa dibuat auto atau disetting oleh BIOS.

5. Jumper Bus Ratio

Motherboard

Sama seperti Jumper Bus Clock, Jumper Bus Ratio ini juga termasuk jarang digunakan. Pada komponen komputer jumper ini bertindak sebagai ratio perkalian dari processor yang digunakan. Apabila processor Pentium 1 senilai 133 MHz dengan bus/FSB 66 maka berarti Rationya adalah 2 kali. Dengan ini kita dapat melakukan setting sesuai dengan buku panduan atau dengan melihat komponen Motherboard.

6. Jumper VGA

Jumper ini terdapat pada Motherboard yang menyediakan slot VGA on board beserta slot VGA tambahan. Pada jumpernya terdiri dari 3 kaki untuk memberi pilihan apakah menggunakan VGA on board atau menggunakan VGA tambahan.

7. Jumper Audio

Jumper Audio atau Sound merupakan bagian yang digunakan untuk mengaktifkan suara. Jumper ini memiliki cukup banyak pin, yakni sejumlah 10 buah namun 8 pin nya kosong.

Yang perlu diingat adalah ketika mengaktifkan Audio di depan casing maka secara otomatis socket Audio di casing telah mengaktifkan Jumper ini. Jika tidak maka persiapkan sebuah Jumper tambahan untuk menghubungkan pin nomor 5 dan 6 serta pin nomor 9 dan 10. Jika tidak dilakukan maka suara tidak akan keluar meskipun driver sudah dipasang. Bagi yang tidak memahaminya mungkin mengira Sound Board dari Motherboardnya yang mati.

8. Jumper USB Power

Tata Letak Komponen Komputer dan Fungsinya

Jumper USB Power ini terdiri dari 3 pin dan ada di hampir semua Motherboard yang memiliki socket. Apabila dipasang pada salah satu pin, semisal pada pin 1 dengan 2 atau pin 2 dengan 3 maka akan menimbulkan efek yang berbeda. Yang tidak dipasang tidak akan bisa mengaktifkan USB di DOS. Dan jika tidak dipasang semua maka USB tidak akan berfungsi.

9. Jumper Memory/RAM

Terakhir adalah Jumper Memory atau RAM. Jumper jenis ini biasanya terdapat pada komponen Motherboard yang memiliki fasilitas 2 slot memory. Misalnya dapat ditemukan pada Motherboard dengan slot memory SDRAM dengan DDR1, atau DDR1 dengan DDR2 dan untuk memilih salah satu slot inilah diperlukan setting Jumper memory.

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